What is Asperger’s Syndrome?
What is Asperger's Syndrome?
Asperger's Syndrome, historically, was considered a separate autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by similar symptoms to other forms of autism, but often involving milder impairments and less language development disruption. However, with the publication of the DSM-5 diagnostic manual in 2013, Asperger's Syndrome was subsumed under the broader category of autism spectrum disorder. Despite this change, the term remains in use in the community, and many who were diagnosed under the old criteria still identify with the label.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Asperger's Syndrome, now understood as part of the autism spectrum disorder, include difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with repetitive behaviors and highly focused interests. Individuals with the condition may have challenges understanding social cues and may struggle to form and maintain social relationships. Sensory sensitivities are also common.
Causes
While the exact cause of Asperger's Syndrome, like other forms of autism, remains unknown, research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is no single cause, but it is generally accepted that changes in brain development lead to the symptoms associated with the condition.
Treatment and Self-Help
There is no cure for Asperger's Syndrome, but a variety of treatment options can help manage symptoms and improve social skills and communication. Interventions may include behavioral therapy, social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication for co-occurring conditions, and support for families. Self-help approaches, like joining support groups and learning about the condition, can also empower individuals to cope with the challenges it presents.
How to Get Help
If you suspect you or someone you know may be on the autism spectrum, it is important to seek a professional medical opinion. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists can conduct evaluations. Early assessment and intervention provide the best opportunity for support and individual development.
Related Social Interactions
Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome often have difficulty with the back-and-forth of conversation, body language, and may not naturally understand social norms or unwritten rules. They may appear aloof or socially awkward, and it can be challenging to navigate friendships and social situations.
Communication
Communication challenges vary among people with Asperger's Syndrome. Some may have excellent language skills but struggle with subtle aspects of communication, such as tone of voice or sarcasm. Others might take language very literally, making idioms and jokes difficult to understand.
Repetitive Interests and Routines
People with Asperger's Syndrome may intensely focus on specific topics that capture their interest, and they might be less flexible about routines or changes. This intense focus can result in a deep knowledge of certain subjects, but it can also impede participation in a wider range of activities or topics.
Movement
Motor development can sometimes be affected by Asperger's Syndrome. Individuals may have uncoordinated movements or awkward gait patterns. They may also display movements such as hand-flapping or rocking, common within the broader autism spectrum.
